Human Cloning Ethics - 1908 Words

Philosophy Paper Date: 10/13/2017 Kant and Kass Tackle the Cloning Dilemma Although there are some important benefits to the use of human cloning, there are also moral challenges as well. The benefits include eradicating defective genes and infertility and a quicker recovery from traumatic injuries among other advantages. However, the disadvantages are truly thought provoking as first an individual must answer the question, â€Å"When does a human life begin?† This paper will oppose the use of human cloning on the basis that life begins at conception and therefore the use of human embryos should be restricted or forbidden. For many years, the use of human cloning has been debated. The same is true about the question of when a human life†¦show more content†¦Kant’s work centered on moral acts and the philosophy surrounding them, or ethics. He developed the categorical imperative, a moral law based on rationality. In order to be a moral individual, Kant believed humans must follow this law implic itly. Kant’s first formulation of the categorical imperative stated, â€Å"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law.† The first formulation of the categorical imperative states strongly that you should do no harm to anything or anyone and that you should always do the right or ethical thing. This is the only way to be a moral person. To be moral and respect of all living beings, a person must take into consideration the good of others each time they make a decision. This includes those yet unborn. In order to clone a human, an embryo must be manipulated and may die during the process. The issue here is when does human life begin? Some religious institutions state that life begins at conception. Some scientists suggest that life begins when the embryo becomes a fetus, which takes place around 8 weeks. To understand the controversy surrounding human cloning and when human life starts, one must know the stages of pregnancy. The definition of conception is the point where the sperm fertilizes the ovum. Within 12 hours, the pronuclei, or the small packages of DNA from both the male and female intermingle and aShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Human Cloning918 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates about the ethics of in-vitro fertilization, preimplantation, stem cell research, demographic control, for example, by sterilization, genetic modification for health or physical enhancement, and human cloning. The idea of human cloning is most interesting because it is most mysterious and very complex. The topic of human cloning inclusively brings up issues also raised in the mentioned technologies. Human cloning is of two types: therapeutic and reproductive. Therapeutic cloning aims to produceRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Cloning Essay1927 Words   |  8 Pagesis created, and this act of reproductive cloning is regarded with controversy; is it morally permissible, or is it morally grotesque. There are certain elements to consider when debating the ethics of human cloning. Leon Kass in his article â€Å"The Wisdom of Repugnance† contends that reproductive cloning is morally corrupt, describing it as offensive, repulsive, and repugnant, believing these terms to be commonly associated with regards to human cloning. Kass goes forth with his arguments byRead More Human cloning: what are the ethics, applications and potential undesirable consequences?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesintegral part of human nature. What is also important about it is that there is constant disagreement in new views between scientists and society. One such problem is the question of human cloning. Firstly, the term â€Å"cloning† must be defined: â€Å"Cloning is the production of an exact genetic duplicate of a living organism or cell† (Baird 2002, 20). This procedure not only led to producing a sheep, Dolly, but it can also have other very useful applications. Using different methods of cloning is expectedRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Cloning890 Words   |  4 Pages The ethics of cloning Early in 1997, Scottish scientist Dr. Ian Wilmot revealed to the world that he had successfully cloned an adult sheep, Dolly. With this invention, the world made a aggregate astonishment at the realization that cloning was no longer an aspect of a Science Fiction movie. Since then, human cloning has become one of the most expressing divergent topics in the world, discussions began regarding the ethic consequence of human cloning. In several recent opponents argue thatRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Cloning2096 Words   |  9 Pagesbodies, the human race stands easily as one of the most extraordinarily complex and mysterious species in the world. Since the beginning of time our race has been evolving with knowledge, constantly searching for a complete understanding of how we function, and how we can improve ourselves. Through various studies, researchers have thought of ways to modify the human body by means of medication, surgical procedures and other processes. One of these method s is through human reproductive cloning. The veryRead MoreThe Ethics of Human Cloning Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is separated into two major categories; reproductive cloning, which uses cloning technology to create a human embryo that will produce an entire human, and therapeutic, which adopt cloning into field of medical practices to find a cure for many diseases (Kass). Reproductive cloning requires a somatic cell, a DNA-less egg, and a surrogate mother; as a result, it creates a new individual with the same genome, or genetic coding. The idea originated in Germany in 1938, but the first successfulRead MoreThe Controversy Concerning The Ethics Of Human Cloning1008 Words   |  5 PagesClones are humans. This statement embodies the crux of the controversy regarding the ethics of human cloning. If clones are humans, then they should receive the same rights as humans who were born ‘naturally’. But how do you determine humanity? The film Never Let Me Go (2010), based on Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel of the same name, helps answer the question â€Å"Should we clone?† by establishing that humanity is more than the way one enters the world and by highlighting the unethical issues that may ariseRead MoreEssay about The Ethics of Human Cloning979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ethics of Human Cloning In order to make a fully justified decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not, one must be exposed to the background of the subject. To start, a clone is an exact replica of an organism, cell, or gene. The process itself is done asexually with the use of a cell from the original human. It is then placed inside a female capable of bearing a child and is then born as a clone. Along with this comes questions of whether or not it is rightRead MoreThe Cloning Of The Human Genome And With No Standard Line Of Ethics951 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue at hand is that scientists are in a period of enlightenment with the human genome and with no standard line of ethics pertaining to editing human embryos in research development other countries are taking liberty to beat around the bush to explore this concept of eugenics. After the cloning of dolly the goat and China cloning two monkeys without a genetic blood disease through a process called CISPR society are asking the same question. Are scientists taking this too far before it is readyRead MoreEthics of Human Cloning and Genetic Engineering Essay1843 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION When the Roslin Institutes first sheep cloning work was announced in March 1996 the papers were full of speculation about its long-term implications. Because of this discovery, the media’s attention has focused mainly on discussion of the possibility, of cloning humans. In doing so, it has missed the much more immediate impact of this work on how we use animals. Its not certain this would really lead to flocks of cloned lambs in the fields of rural America, or clinically reproducible

The 4 Macedonian Wars

The First Macedonian War was a diversion during the Punic Wars. It was brought on by the alliance of Philip V of Macedonia and Hannibal of Carthage (following Philips naval expedition against Illyria in 216 and then again, in 214 followed by land-based conquests). Philip and Rome settled with each other so Rome could go focus on Carthage. The Greeks seem to have called the war the Aetolian War, according to ​Rome Enters the Greek East, by Arthur M. Eckstein  because it was fought between Philip and his allies on the one side and the Aetolian League and its allies, which included Rome. Rome officially declared war on Macedon in 214, but major operations began in 211, which is often listed as the start of the war, according to Eckstein. The Greeks had been engaged, recently, in their own Social War. It lasted from 220-217 on the occasion of Philip suddenly deciding to make peace with Aetolia. Between the 2nd and 3rd Macedonian War, the Aetolian League asked Antiochus of Syria to help them against Rome. When Antiochus obliged, Rome sent in its legions to expel the Seleucids. Antiochus signed the Treaty of Apamea (188 B.C.), surrendering 15,000 talents of silver. This is the Seleucid War (192-188). It included a Roman victory at Thermopylae (191) near the spot where the Spartans had once so famously lost to the Persians. The Second Macedonian War The second Macedonian War started as a powerplay between the Seleucids of Syria and Macedonia, with the weaker area powers suffering in the crossfire. They called to Rome for help. Rome decided Macedon constituted a threat, and so helped. In the Second Macedonian War, Rome officially freed Greece from Philip and Macedonia. Macedonia was moved back to its Philip II borders and Rome acquired or freed territories south of Thessaly. The Third Macedonian War The Third Macedonian War was fought against Philips son Perseus who had moved against the Greeks. Rome declared war and divided Macedonia into 4 republics. After each of the first three Macedonian wars, the Romans went back to Rome after punishing or otherwise dealing with the Macedonians and receiving some reward from the Greeks. The Fourth Macedonian War When the Fourth Macedonian War began, as the result of a Macedonian rebellion, fomented by a man who claimed to be Perseus son, Rome again stepped in. This time, Rome stayed in Macedonia. Macedonia and Epirus were made a Roman province. The Aftermath of the Fourth Macedonian War The Greeks Achaean League tried unsuccessfully to get rid of the Romans. Their city of Corinth was destroyed for its part in an uprising in 146 B.C. Rome had expanded its empire.

Self Is The Most Fundamental Question That Human Ask...

The doubt regarding â€Å"self† is the most fundamental question that human ask themselves. Biologically the notion of self is numerous genes combine together to form an individual, but psychologically self is consciousness, conation, and emotion. From outside to inside, the only thing in common is that the self is unique. Descartes says in his â€Å"Meditations† that he needs something that is undoubted in order to rebuild his cognition; meanwhile, he finds â€Å"himself† is that undoubted thing. However, the word â€Å"self† should not be restricted to a specific definition because our appearances and thoughts are changing over time. Therefore, the self is experiences and it through these experiences to create memories and then form personality, thoughts, and beliefs. What is the â€Å"self† is always a topic which worthy of thinking deeply. I have had such an experience: someone wants to convey this information to me â€Å"I am that kind of person†, but what I am thinking is â€Å"that is not him or her†. In this case, I deny what I see or hear based on my senses. We think our body is ourselves because it is the most familiar part for us, but it does not like what Descartes wants to show in his second Meditation: things through our senses are fictitious. In his second Meditation, Descartes first defines himself as a man who is composed of body and soul, but after thinking, he describes himself just a â€Å"thinking thing†. The most important question is: what if one day we lose one part of our body, are weShow MoreRelatedThe Simile Of The Chariot Is A Passage From The Milindapaà ±ha,1405 Words   |  6 PagesMilindapaà ±ha, which are composed of questions asked by Menander I, king of Bactria to the Buddhist monk NÄ gasena. Using the simile of the chariot, the monk explains to the king the concept of non-self. The chariot itself is used many times in Buddhist allegories, with this passage being the most famous. The subject of AnattÄ , or non-self, is one of the fundamental precepts of Buddhism. It is one of the doctrines that allows the cessation of suffering; when there is no self, desire from attachment cannotRead MoreMoral Theology Helps Ethicists Study Human Behavior, And1493 Words   |  6 PagesMoral theology helps ethicists study human behavior, and ethics is at the heart of theology. The study of moral theology and ethics can be seen in many issues that plague society today, specifically abortion. Abortion is the premature ending of a fetus’s life for any number of reasons. It is a Christian issue, not a legal one and in Hauerwas’s work, he addresses Christians, not society. However, just because abortion is a religious issue does not mean that it is not debatable fro m different publicRead MoreThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1344 Words   |  6 Pagesliving a life without change, development and growth. Imagine living a life without any consciousness of what life has to offer. As mind-boggling as this may sound, there are actually many people on this earth that have not taken the effort to know themselves. People should be able to fairly judge their lives. Man should be able to gain wisdom by the examinations of the deeds they’ve done to prepare for the future. Life is no longer worth living if a person fails to utilize that knowledge and wisdomRead MoreThe Meaning Of Theology By Michael J. Himes1266 Words   |  6 Pagesin respect to a religious community and to a person trying to find themselves in God? How is everyone involved in doing theology all the time? In this paper, there will be an in depth analysis on what theology is, why it is important, and how people are engaged in theology all the time. Michael J. Himes, in his book Doing the Truth in Love, describes theology as a way of â€Å"talking about God.† Talking about God brings many questions to mind: how do people talk about God when God is a mystery? How doRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Scientology By L. Ron Hubbard1443 Words   |  6 Pagesis a subculture, but sometimes it’s even considered a cult. Scientology is a belief that was created by L. Ron Hubbard, a science fiction author, in 1952. L. Ron Hubbard was inspired by his self-help system called Dianetics. Which he stated or claimed that Dianetics could help you heal your soul or the human spirit. Hubbard also claimed that Dianetics could cure physical illnesses that were brought on by germs and mental illnesses, which Hubbard said they were contagious. Scientology has many beliefsRead MoreThe On Gospel Essentials Of The United States1489 Words   |  6 PagesGospel Essentials One of the fundamental rights in the U.S. constitution is guaranteed to all citizens in the first amendment. We have the right to practice any religion of our choosing, including the practice of no religion at all. The framers of the constitution even put the freedom of religion before our rights to free speech and free press (Haiman). This constitutional right allows America’s blend of naturalists, pantheists, theists, and spiritualists to practice their beliefs without interferenceRead More Objective Psychology and Psychoanalysis Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesWulff compares these studies on page two hundred and fifty eight by stating â€Å"both reject unaided introspection as a means of gathering fundamental data.† In other words, in neither psychoanalysis nor objective psychology, can a person take an observation made from themselves about themselves and consider it fundamental data. Another similarity would be â€Å"that human conduct is the outcome of compl exly determined casual events that lie outside awareness† (258). In this particular case, both types ofRead MoreThe Issue Of Personal Identity1491 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal identity is one of the most broadly treated problems in the philosophical community. â€Å"Who are we?† â€Å"Where do we come from?† â€Å"What makes us human?† are some of the inquiries that most people face during their lives. Consequently, because for the majority of people it is almost natural to ask themselves about the meaning of their own identity, it is understandable that most major philosophical figures have presented their own theories regarding this question (Olson). In the same manner, itRead MoreShould Slave Contracts be Legal?1278 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans, or other nationalities and races was a good thing, simply due to human rights violations and the philosophical invention of racism, philosophers as recent as Robert Nozick are able to ask a different quest ion with a similar moral implication: should someone be able to legally sell themselves into slavery free of coercion? While many philosophers disagree with Nozick’s affirmation of slave contracts, if principles of self-ownership are applied, it is apparent that slave contracts without coercionRead MoreEssay Human Nature and Proper Order1725 Words   |  7 PagesProper Order in Confucianism and as taught primarily by Mencius, the Chinese philosopher, is the conceptual theory that instructs how people can reach their highest potential of moral and material well being embodied in Mencius conception of human nature. The theory of proper order is the primary and philosophical means to that end. Although proper order may seem in many ways philosophically abstract, Mencius teachings of proper order in history have had lasting and tangible effects on modern East

Maker and Internet of Things Application †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Maker and Internet of Things Application. Answer: Introduction The IoT is the concept for allowing the objects to be sensed or controlled in the network infrastructure. It can create better opportunities for the direct integration into the computer based systems. The improved efficiency with economic benefits is mainly to reduce the human intervention. IoT is mainly to offer the advancement in the connectivity of the devices, systems and then working over the machineto-machine communication and covering the different variety of protocols. The interconnection of the protocols, domains and the applications is set with enabling the advancement of the application. The strategy is clear and clever since it is backed with functions that will help in heating in remote manner and set it to completely turn down the temperature when not required or no one is using. Some can also tell the latter with the help of the technology like motion sensing cameras or by tracking it on smartphone. [2] The concept of IoT is not limited to this because it has the capacity to scale up and consist of many kinds of smart towns where connected traffic signals that can supervise the use based on utility. There are smart bins as well which says that they should be emptied and the industry with all kind of connected machinery for things cover tracking the part to monitoring the crops. There is a fact where the government is motivating energy based companies to handle smart meters and all the functions along with automated usage is more effective which means there is usage of less energy. [3] There are number of areas of IoT that shows such advantages with the help of advanced gadgets which are more based one whizz impact than the effectiveness and it may also be the reason of more smart gadgets around. It is very important to understand that every new and shiny thing has some disadvantages as well and there is existence of security as well as privacy that are some of the biggest challenges for IoT. All the machines as well as systems can collect a lot of personal based data related to people and have smart kind of meter that understands the presence of people at home or usage of electronic items in the presence of people and it is also shared with other machines as well and held based on databases as and when provided by the companies. There are number of security experts that claims that there are not all the possible actions are taken to build the security system along with privacy into it usually at the early stages. To prove this, some experts hacked the number of devices from a connected monitor to automate the lights as well as smart devices along with many city-wide systems like traffic signals. The hackers have not for many part put a lot of attention on the concept of IoT and there are many people who connected their devices against any kind of attack. But it is obvious with time hackers or cyber-criminals will find a way for it as well. The framework of IoT is further susceptible to any kind of attack with every layer and thus, there are many challenges associated with security and need that must be addresses. The present state of research in the concept of IoT is mainly aimed on authenticating and with access based control protocols. However, with rise in level of advancement of present technology it is important to also incorporate new networking based protocols like 5G to accomplish the mashup of IoT based topology. Another crucial method for the authentication of ID at sensor nodes of the system. It is also considered as a one time and one of its kind of cipher based on request related methods. There are dynamic elements cipher is executed by usage based pre-shared matrix that exist between the interaction related parties. The parties can create a randomly coordinated effort that will help as the main coordinate. The important coordinate which can get transferred between the two parties not the important stuff. The key in other words is also called as password and is also generated from the present coordinate. All the messages are then sent with the help of encryption with the help of the key along with important coordinate, timestamp and device IDs. Therefore, there are two devices that can interact by properly validating the timestamps and therefore can also cancel the session associated with it. A mutual authentication scheme was presented by IoT since the platform and because of terminal nodes. The scheme also based on hashing and the nature of extraction. The characteristics of extraction was also combined with hash activity to ignore any kind of collision attack. The scheme also provides a desirable solution for gaining authentication in the system. The used process of extraction has all the important properties that are completely irreversible and needed to make sure the security level and it is also light weight which can be desired in the process. The scheme also aims on many auth entication processes especially when the platform is trying to send information to the nodes of terminal. However, the scheme will also improve the security by comfortably keeping the information sent is decreased and it work only based on theory and there is no other proof of the concept that can support it. Current and Future Security issues in IoT The issues are related to data confidentiality: it is significant to make sure that the data is safe and only present to provide authority to people. In IoT the work user consists of human as well as devices and services. It also consists of many internal objects as well that are specifically part of the network and there are external objects as well where the devices that are not part of the current network. For instance, it is important to ensure that the sensors do not reveal the current collected data for many neighbourhood nodes. There is one more problem that should be addresses in the IoT based security is how data will be managed. It is crucial for the users of IoT to stay more aware of data based management as well as mechanism that will be applied along with the process or employees accountable for the management and to make sure that the data is protected in the complete process. Authentication in every object in the concept must be able to clearly recognize as well as authenticate many other kinds of objects. At the same time, the process can create problems since it is based on the nature of IoT and there are number of entities that are part of the process. Moreover, there are times when the object can need to communicate with many other objects from the starting. Integrity is the process of IoT primarily based on overall exchange of data and information that exist between different kind of devices and it is also crucial to make sure the overall accuracy of the current data and data is being received from the right kind of sender as well as also make sure that the data is not meddled with in the process of transmission because of unintended interference. Solutions for the Threats The implementation of the mobile device management program will help in taking control of the policies which has access to the different profiles and the development. The specifications are on how the devices are secured, tracked and managed. This is important to analyze the restrictions with the attack vendor associated with the IoT data to make sure that the attacks are not introduced in the network. The overall integrity based features also imposed by maintenance of end to end security in the communication. The overall traffic associated with data can be managed typically by the usage of the firewalls as well as protocols. However, these processes do not always guarantee the overall integrity of the finish line in this concept. Conclusion The concept can also be executed in many diverse domains which consist of transportation, healthcare, agriculture, production of energy as well as distribution and many other connected areas. IoT need things to interact over the Internet to conduct business functions in an intelligent manner without any active involvement of human beings. References Chahid Y, Benabdellah M, Azizi A. Internet of things security. InWireless Technologies, Embedded and Intelligent Systems (WITS), 2017 International Conference on 2017 Apr 19 (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Svigals J, inventor. Internet of things security. United States patent US 9,432,378. 2016 Aug 30. Li S, Da Xu L. Securing the Internet of Things. Syngress; 2017 Jan 11. Dawson M, Dawson M, Eltayeb M, Omar M. Security Solutions for Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things. Cheng KM, Tseng CE, Tseng CH. Maker and Internet of Things application in the intelligent security by example of power extension cord. InApplied System Innovation (ICASI), 2017 International Conference on 2017 May 13 (pp. 239-241). IEEE. Li S, Tryfonas T, Li H. The internet of things: a security point of view. Internet Research. 2016 Apr 4;26(2):337-59. Bughin J, Chui M. The Internet of Things: Assessing Its Potential and Identifying the Enablers Needed to Capture the Opportunity. InThe Internet of Things in the Modern Business Environment 2017 (pp. 111-125). IGI Global.